Comparing William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster...

Compare and Contrast William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge and William Blakes London William Wordsworth and William Blake wrote poems about London, but they presented their views from different angles. Wordsworth sees the beauty in London and Blake sees only the ugliness. William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge gives a step-by-step look at the awe-inspiring beauty of a London sunrise, whereas William Blakes London shows the dreary ugliness of London life by taking a stroll down Londons streets. Composed Upon Westminster Bridge affects the reader with a sense of wonderment at the beauty that is created with a sunrise. London appears to be the most beautiful place on earth during a sunrise.†¦show more content†¦The sun is even personified with Never did the sun more beautifully steep! In his first splendor...(9,lO). Blake, on the other hand, fills his poem with connotations to reinforce his statement of the ugliness of life. The sense of bondage is evident in The mind-forged manacles ... (8) with the word manacles conjuring images of chains of bondage. The sense of unchanging drudgery is in the repeated use of the word chartered: each chartered street, / Near where the chartered Thames... (1,2) where chartered creates the image of an ordered and unchanging lay out of London. The use of the words blights and hearse in And blights with plagues the marriage hearse (16) has the reader envisioning the ugliness of disease and death. Both authors use the many aspects of imagery to enhance their poems. Wordsworth brings about a very visual sight of the sunrise with A sight so touching in its majesty (3) and causes the reader to pause and wonder at the magnitude of the upcoming beauty. All bright and glittering in the smokeless air (8) has the reader seeing a clear bright picture with no haze. He causes the reader to feel a moment of wonder at the beauty of the emptiness and silence of morning with the beauty of the morning; silent, bare, (5) and a sense of peace with Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep! (11) and... theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Compare London and Composed upon Westminster Bridge2519 Words   |  11 PagesCompare London by William Blake and Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3rd 1802 by William Wordsworth. As a part of my coursework for GCSE English, I will be comparing two poems written about London in nineteenth century. The two poems I have chosen to write about are: London by William Blake and Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3rd 1802 by William Wordsworth. Both poems give their own, different accounts of London at around the same period. One is written with aRead MoreComparing the Poets Use of Language To Present Their View of London in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by Wordsworth and London by Blake1571 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the Poets Use of Language To Present Their View of London in Composed Upon Westminster Bridge by Wordsworth and London by Blake London was, is and undoubtedly always will be, a city of enormous interest and controversy, especially for those employed in the field of writing. The two poems, Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, 1802, by William Wordsworth and London, 1794, by William Blake, demonstrate this through their opposing views. The intention of both WilliamRead MoreWilliam Blake And William Wordsworth1099 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual uniqueness. In particular, English Romantic poets had a strong connection with mythology and nature; among those poets are William Blake and William Wordsworth. Although Blake was a contemporary of the era, he had a little in common with Wordsworth. Religion is the focus of Blake’s visionary works, which does not exist in any other Romantic poetry. William Blake uses satire in most of his work to criticize the corrupting influence of religion on imagination. For Wordsworth, nature was like

Why Do Companies Prefer University Graduates over Non-Graduates Free Essays

Who doesn’t want the ripe fruit out of the whole bunch? As hundreds of fresh, eager and skilled students ripe†¦.. oops! Sorry, I mean graduate every year, more than the graduate’s parents are the no. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do Companies Prefer University Graduates over Non-Graduates or any similar topic only for you Order Now of employers standing outside the university gate to pick the best out of bests for their company. Management job is not only about doing administrative work.I, myself, being an administrative assistant in a trading company, have realized from my surrounding and my colleagues that the job is merely an administrative one and is more about taking risks, dealing with the complaints, understanding solving problems, making the best decision possible in given short amount of time and most of all, working in team with everybody’s best shot. That is how management jobs function in firms.And as much as I want to deny the fact, it is indeed my lacking which I’ve felt through my work that I have, more than anyone, the urge to get my degree, wear the â€Å"squared on top† black hat that I’ve always dreamed of and graduate. So, why do I feel the need of degree? The answer to that will be the answer to the above question which is going to be explained few lines down from here on. Employability skills and personal values are the critical tools and traits one need to succeed in the workplace — and they are the elements that one can learn, cultivate, develop, and maintain over their university life time.The ones possessing these prerequisites are likely to be not only chosen first for the job but be better paid as well. Life in university University or College time has always been the best time of life for most people. It’s the time where you went on various field trips, rocked the dance floor on prom night, made many friends and other fond memories. Well, sweet things aside, university time is also the time when one finally gets to have broader outlook on various aspects of life, learn to showcase one’s skills and make decisions independently.It’s the time where professors will send or suggest you to join internship schemes which allows students to work for leading corporations such as HSBC, Apple Inc. , Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley, where you gain experience of a real business environment. In addition, you are encouraged to do voluntary work and assume responsibilities in the community by serving others, together with your peers. While your university life rolls on this way, you learn to garner your employability skills, personal values and thus, develop a capacity to ask questions rather than regurgitate answers; something that employers would seek for in a candidate.Some of us may want degree because we don’t want the embarrassment due to our sense of lack or â€Å"something missing† component in our future work life; however, the â€Å"really† important factor that compels us to graduate is simply because the employers want graduates. We want to graduate because the employer wants but why do employers love graduates so much? It may be because they want students with broader sense and perspective for their company. Well, I can’t really speak from experience here (as I’ve neither employed anyone nor I’ve graduated, as of yet sadly! but I guess employers like graduates for reasons such as: †¢Developed academic abilities – Graduates are likely to be able to write better reports, take a more active role in business discussions, and make complex decisions than non-graduates. †¢Social (communication) skills – Successful communication is critical in business. Graduates are taught to work in peers, do various projects and presentation in groups during their time in university. So, they’ve not only developed their social skills but their interpersonal abilities as well.They definitely have better ability to relate to their co-workers, inspire others to participate, and mitigate any conflict with co-workers than non-graduates. †¢Graduates are prone to flexibility, adaptability and are able to manage multiple priorities as they’re likely to have dealt with managing multiple assignments and tasks, set priorities, and adapt to changing conditions and work assignments during their university time. †¢There is possibly no bigger issue in the workplace than diversity. Having graduated from a university where students of different races gather for knowledge, graduates definitely have developed multicultural awareness in them. †¢Planning and organizing have always been best friends of graduates because that’s what they do the most throughout their university life. Students are given projects on frequent basis by their lecturer so that they can develop the habit of designing, planning and organizing their own projects within an allotted timeframe; something to look forward when you’re employed! While employability skills are essential, there are personal values too that graduates develop alongside during their university time. Honesty, morality, dedication, hard-working, optimism, self-confidence, willingness to learn, self-confidence and passion, all these personal values are harvested during one’s university/college life and are the traits that employers look forward to in a possible candidate. A degree is a testimony of o ne’s commitment and self-motivation. In today’s competitive job market, employers want to know how dedicated and self-motivated their future employees are.I think a university degree is the perfect way to demonstrate one’s capabilities. As for me, higher education has been so far, well, shall we say†¦ an education in itself? I feel my world view is getting broader each day as I get to learn new things every time I attend the class. I feel I can discuss issues without feeling lost even if they aren’t ‘my subject’ and I know it sounds corny, but as each new learning experience opens a door (bit like The Matrix) you see hundreds of new doors beyond that one. This has taught me realize that getting a degree is merely to impress the employers; rather it is to impress oneself. How to cite Why Do Companies Prefer University Graduates over Non-Graduates, Papers

International Agreements Analyse

Questions: Critically analyse the factors affecting the content of international agreements for the oil and gas industry Critically examine the framework of the energy policies. Demonstrate the key global challenges and issues facing the world oil and gas industry and the factors affecting the long term prospects? Answers: Introduction: Individual and social well-being that maintains the consumption in sustainable forms will need technologies, institutions, and integrated change-encompassing practices, whilst remaining within ecological limits. The cultural aspect of a consumer society and the prevailing growth based on macroeconomic model has entangled with the current energy and carbon-intensive forms of consumption. Changes in the interactions between complex social and technology that led us in that particular situation in order to see how a transition to sustainable consumption can be achieve (Therivel et al., 2013). The climate is changing due to the increasing rate of carbon dioxide. Due to the increasing effect of carbon dioxide, the demands of renewable energies are increasing day by day. That created a positive impact on the UKs market. The environmental changes have created a negative impact on the economy. The macroeconomic and microeconomic factor has generated a particular situation in the economy. The changes in the renewable energy have created an impact in the environment. That affects the economy. In this essay, technological changes and technology advances play a major part. The technological cost must be lower so that the market penetration of renewable energy technologies (RET) should not be increase. Renewable technologies should be low cost so that the technological development should be increase. Multiple obstacles carton the rapid adoption of renewable energies. Non-consideration of collateral benefits and the increasing cost of the market that tremendously affects the economy, the UK market and numerous market failures all are included in this research (Tang, Snowden and Hk, 2013). By using the SWOT analysis, we can understand the impact of advancements in the direction of the UK energy policies in the renewable energy technologies. The analysis is following: Strengths: Renewable and sustainable energy technology industry must be shaped and modeled in the evolving stage In any training and development opportunity, the Renewable and sustainable energy technology can be more visible The potential for huge growthThe skills and knowledge has a worldwide demand Due to the climate change impact, high awareness should be needed Due to climate change, the general public should be self promoted The qualified and trained people are highly in demand at UK Experienced research and sustainable energy technology trainers are in high demand Quality training courses and materials in research and sustainable technology are in high demand (Tanaka and Chen, 2013). Weakness: The development and training will not happen due to the lack of financial support Immediate development for the required level of priority is not given Recognizing or addressing the urgency and timeliness At present implementation is too haphazard Not enough financial support or investments or not enough government policy Regarding research and sustainable components, there is a lack of manufacturing capacity The advancement of renewable energy technologies creates a great impact on the economy. With the advancement of renewable technology energy, many people can avail the resources. The convinced technology change in economics: Societys economic activities affect the environment; this determines how renewable technology created an impact on the growth of the economy. After conducting, the research in the renewable energy technologies we can understand the impact of the economy and understanding of innovation is the main section that defines the impacts on the renewable energies (Moritz, 2013). Government intervention, externalities and energy market failures: In order to correct the externalities, the government policies and procedures helps the economy to differentiate the renewable energy and they should implement it to lower the risk of the market failures. Under neo-classical assumptions, market failures are understand that deviate the whole market. Costs cannot completely internalize or consumptions cannot be restricted, this is the two options in the price mechanism. Discouraging market entrance is the main market barriers in the adoption and use of the goods and services in the economy (JAFFE, 2012). Negative externalities or unpriced costs: The price of the fossil fuel that does not reflects the associated cost of the price that reflects the total price that created an impact on the economy. The emission from the fossil fuel combustion that does not supports the clean and clear environment. Due to the economic impact, the imports and exports are decreasing. For that, there is no investments are coming in UK. The economic impact due to the decreasing rate of exports has risen up the total import. Those will create a bad effect in the economy (Hidden costs of energy: unpriced consequences of energy production and use, 2011). Positive externalities or unpriced benefits: A conflict is raising that firm with the clean energy technologies that will help in generating the benefits of the economy. There is no marginal cost in the knowledge because it is a non-rivalry in consumption. Knowledge can shared with others but not anyone can snatch it from others. In these positive externalities, knowledge through research and development not incurring the consumption cost because it generates the social benefits. The intellectual property right that help in preventing the interventions in the economy and the policy. Allowing sufficient, socially beneficial knowledge diffusion to generate knowledge in the case of provides incentives (Chawla and Pollitt, 2013). Market power and economics of scale: The impact on the economy due to the changes in the renewable energies has created a positive impact. For the advancement of technology, the companies are using it to increase the brand value and the quality of product and services. With the help of this, the market power is increasing. Increasing the rate of export to the other countries helps the country to uplift the total economy with a short span of time. In the economy, according to the demand the supplies are there. The bundle of goods satisfies the increasing demands of the customers. The supply of the goods is increasing due to the increasing demand of the customer (BanionienÄ— and ValanÄ ienÄ— 2013). Opportunities There are many opportunities in the renewable technologies in case of directing the policies of energy in United Kingdom. Those are given below Renewable energy technologies are used to increase the growth of the industry The international economic investor can get a great potential In development and training, the investment of government get more potential Both the overseas and the UK investors get potential in case of manufacturing in United Kingdom The UK and international industries now required more knowledge and skills The information should be gather and required to learn from the leading countries in case of renewable drive about how the efficiency, speed and effectiveness can make faster in case of processing Threats In case of slowing down the change of the climate, huge effort is needed at every level of industries and government The renewable energy technologies in case of energy policy, UK is many years behind other European countries The crisis of economics through worldwide which is not proceed but used as excuse The facility of training and required resources are not sufficient in the renewable energy technologies It will create a heavy impact due to absence of proper quality training and trained people The implementation of the renewable technology became random and slow Due to shortage of current vision, there are shortage of producing capacity in UK Critical analysis The impact of using the advance renewable technologies is very high regarding to the energy policy in UK. Many opportunities are there in case of energy policies as the renewable technology provides the industry a very high growth (Gillingham et.al. 2013). It is similar to the former computer technologies. The economy investors of the energy policies of the UK have a great potential through internationally due to usage of the advance renewable technology. The advance renewable technology helps the investors to get the possible requirements in the economic field (Solangi et.al. 2011). In case of training to the employees the investments of the government is very high. Although in case of development, the investment of government is very likely. This investment in the direction of the energy policies of United Kingdom, government role is very high. This advancement of the renewable technologies in the industries of the UK gives a great opportunity of the jobs for the employees. The adv ancement of the renewable energy technology in the energy policies of the United Kingdom provides more opportunities for new green jobs and also has a great effect to the transition of the existing green jobs (Timilsina, Kurdgelashvili and Narbel, 2012). In case of manufacturing of new policies by using the new renewable technologies, the United Kingdom get a great potential in the abroad investors and the united kingdom investors. There will be current requirement of the knowledge and the skill in United Kingdom and the abroad industries in case of implementing the new renewable technologies in the energy policies. It is required to learn from the countries that are used the renewable technologies to proceed with proper efficiency, effectiveness and speed (Bhringer, Balistreri, and Rutherford, 2012). A better idea can get from the countries that used the advance technologies in their energy policies about how the policies can be used in other industries. There are several threats that can occur in case of implementing the advance renewable technologies in the energy policies of the UK industries. In case of slowing down the changes that are happens regarding to the climate, a huge effort are required in every levels of industries and the governments (Wstenhagen, and Menichetti, 2012). Most of the Europe countries have a benefit in respect of implementing the renewable technologies in their industries. The UK industries have to work very hard to implement the advance technologies in their energy policies. There is a great excuse in case of avoiding the implementation. This excuse is such as there is a crisis in the economic system of the government. This excuse helps them not to proceed. To implement the new technologies in the system the industries need to provide training to the system administration and to the employees. In the industries of UK there are shortages of these training about the usage of the advance renewable technolog ies. The required supported resources are also not available in the industries in case of energy policies. The trained facilities are required to handle the advance technologies, which are unavailable in the industries (Kaygusuz, 2012). There is a very bad impacts in the industries of United Kingdom in case of the advancement of the renewable technologies in the in their energy policies. The industries cannot provide an appropriate training and a proper quality to use the advance technologies (Dincer, 2011). The industries dont have the qualified people and also cannot supply the development technologies to them. The implementation of the advance renewable technologies in the industries of the united kingdom are become very slow and done in random, hence this cannot be proceed in the serial ways. There are also very shortage of the present vision in the UK industries. Lack of capacity of manufacturing in the industries of United Kingdom is also noticed (Chu and Majumdar, 2012). Due to this lack of capacities in the industries, the implementation of the advance renewable technologies in the energy policies cannot do in the proper ways in every industry. Conclusion From this research, we can conclude that the proper implementation of the advance renewable energy technologies in the energy policies of the industries of United Kingdom provide the industries a great opportunities of growth not on UK but also overseas. The demand of the industries will increase throughout the world. It also presents the demands of the quality to very high. But there are also some weakness and threats. There is lack of investors and it also became a great issue not to use the advance technologies in the industries. Also the industries do not have a proper trained quality and people in the industry to handle and to understand the advance technologies. There is also insufficient manufacturing capacity in the industries of the United Kingdom. Reference list Gillingham, K., Kotchen, M. J., Rapson, D. S., and Wagner, G. (2013). Energy policy: The rebound effect is overplayed.Nature,493(7433), 475-476. Solangi, K. H., Islam, M. R., Saidur, R., Rahim, N. A., and Fayaz, H. (2011). A review on global solar energy policy.Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,15(4), 2149-2163. Timilsina, G. R., Kurdgelashvili, L., and Narbel, P. A. (2012). Solar energy: Markets, economics and policies.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(1), 449-465. Bhringer, C., Balistreri, E. J., and Rutherford, T. F. (2012). The role of border carbon adjustment in unilateral climate policy: Overview of an Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF 29).Energy Economics,34, S97-S110. Wstenhagen, R., and Menichetti, E. (2012). Strategic choices for renewable energy investment: Conceptual framework and opportunities for further research.Energy Policy,40, 1-10. Kaygusuz, K. (2012). Energy for sustainable development: A case of developing countries.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(2), 1116-1126. Dincer, F. (2011). The analysis on photovoltaic electricity generation status, potential and policies of the leading countries in solar energy.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,15(1), 713-720. Chu, S., and Majumdar, A. (2012). Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future.nature,488(7411), 294-303. BanionienÄ—, J. and ValanÄ ienÄ—, L. (2013). EVALUATION METHOD OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY AND THE ECONOMIC CHANGE.ecoman, 18(2). Chawla, M. and Pollitt, M. (2013). Energy-efficiency and Environmental Policies Income Supplements in the UK: Evolution and Distributional Impacts on Domestic Energy Bills.EEEP, 2(1). Hidden costs of energy: unpriced consequences of energy production and use. (2011).Choice Reviews Online, 48(05), pp.48-2700-48-2700. JAFFE, A. (2012). TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND CLIMATE CHANGE.Clim. Change Econ., 03(04), p.1250025. Moritz, (2013). INVESTIGATING EFFECTS OF GREEN TAXES ON INVESTMENTS IN RENEWABLE ENERGIES: THE CASE OF THE UK.Energy Research Journal, 4(2), pp.39-51. Tanaka, M. and Chen, Y. (2013). Market power in renewable portfolio standards.Energy Economics, 39, pp.187-196. Tang, X., Snowden, S. and Hk, M. (2013). Analysis of energy embodied in the international trade of UK.Energy Policy, 57, pp.418-428. Therivel, R., Wilson, E., Heaney, D. and Thompson, S. (2013).Strategic Environmental Assessment. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.

Leigh Ann Walker, Staff Accountant free essay sample

1.In your opinion, did Vaughn overreact to Walker’s admission that she had been untruthful regarding the CPA exam? If so, how would you have dealt with the situation if you had been in Vaughn’s position? Vaughn did not over react to Walker’s untruthfulness regarding the CPA exam. She lied that she had not taken it because she feared that she was going to fail. I believe it is important to be completely honest and have integrity while working in an audit firm. If Walker lied about not taking the exam, she easily could have lied about other â€Å"small† things. However, if it was me in Vaughn’s position, I would have also fired Walker. A recently hired accountant to the firm should always be telling the truth no matter what. Members of the firm should have complete honesty with one another and a person who lacks integrity should be no place near an accounting firm. We will write a custom essay sample on Leigh Ann Walker, Staff Accountant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2.How would you have dealt with the situation if you had been in Robert’s position? I believe that Robert acted professional. He allowed Walker 60 days to get a new job and even proposed to undisclosed that she was â€Å"counseled out† of the firm. As a managing partner, I believe it is important to keep the employees honest about everything. If I was in Robert’s position I would have done the same. I wouldn’t want to continue to work with a new employee who was caught lying. 3.Vaughn obviously questioned Walker’s personal integrity. Is it possible that one can fulfill the responsibilities of a professional role while lacking personal integrity? Why or why not? It is not possible for one to fulfill the responsibilities of a professional role while lacking personal integrity. Examples like this were the type of people that were involved in the Enron case. The accountants and employees were acting professional but, lacked personal integrity by scheming to falsify financial data. I believe that for one to be professional, a person must have strong integrity so they always do the right thing when no one is watching. 4.Identify two facts from the case that you found particularly interesting (this can be anything- it doesn’t have to be directly accounting-related!) The first fact that I found interesting was that Walker was fired almost immediately after Vaughn found out she was lying about taking the exam. I would have assumed that she would have gotten another strike allowed or even Vaughn would have forgotten about it because she passed the exam. Another fact that I found interesting was that Walker started working at the firm in early 1989. I found it interesting that auditors were this strict about lying even before the Enron scandal. 5.Assume you are working as an auditor in public accounting. Name one lesson that you could learn from this case. The main lesson I learned from this case is to be completely honest about everything. I’m sure that Vaughn would not have been too upset that Walker failed her first attempt at the exam. Like Walker said, â€Å"She realized most of her peers would not pass all sections on their first attempt†. Not all people are â€Å"first timers† and a person should always be honest about their work, especially as a new hire.

Biography of Henri IV essays

Biography of Henri IV essays King Henri IV was born in the castle of Chateau of Pau in Bearn on December 14,1553. His mother was Jeanne dAlbret the only child of the King Henri II of Navarre and Marguerite of Angouleme. His father was Antoine de Bourbon who descended through lineage from Louis IX. When Jeanne dAlbret was a child her father made her promise that while in labor she would sing him a song so that her unborn child would not be puling or a sulky infant. Jeanne d Albret sang in her own language the song of all Bearnais mothers, imploring the Virgin, whose chapel stood on the bridge over the river at Pau, to pray for a speedy delivery and the gift of a son(Seward,7). When Henri was born his proud grandfather wrapped him in fold of his cloak and gave him a box containing his will. He then rubbed Henris lips with garlic and made him sip of wine from his gold cup to ensure that his temperament would be manly and vigorous. When Henri grandfather died his mother Jeanne became Queen of Navarre. Henris earliest years were spent in a world neither courtly or intellectual(Seward 10). Suzanne dAlbret took him to her husbands castle of Coarraze in the Pyrenees. Here as a young child Henri was not treated as a prince or given toys but was brought up around peasant children. His time at the castel was the foundation of an unfailing common touch, and of iron health(Seward 10). Henri attended classes at the College de Navarre. He was a very dedicated student to the study of theology. While in Pau Henri found an another tutor Florent Chrestian. He was taught to be a skilled swordsman in the fashionable Italian manner, his lengthy rapier balanced by poignard, and also to handle pole-axe, halberd or spoonton, or even the great infantry spear, eighteen foot long, in an age when gentlemen did not disdain to trail the puissant pike. (Seward 22). The training that Henri re...

About the U.S. Department of State

About the U.S. Department of State The United States Department of State also referred to as â€Å"the State Department† or simply â€Å"State,† is the executive branch department of the United States federal government primarily responsible for administering U.S. foreign policy and consulting with the President of the United States and Congress on international diplomatic issues and policies. The mission statement of the State Department reads: â€Å"To advance freedom for the benefit of the American people and the international community by helping to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world composed of well-governed states that respond to the needs of their people, reduce widespread poverty, and act responsibly within the international system.† The primary functions of the State Department include: Provide protection and assistance for U.S. citizens traveling or living abroad;Assist U.S. businesses and industries operating in the global marketplace;Coordinate and provide support for international activities of other U.S. agencies, official visits overseas and at home, and other diplomatic efforts;Inform the public about U.S. foreign policy and relations with other countries and provide feedback from the public to administration officials. Similar the foreign ministries in other nations, the State Department conduct international diplomatic relations on the part of the United States by negotiating treaties and other agreements with foreign governments. The State Department also represents the United States in the United Nations. Created in 1789, the State Department was the first executive branch department established after final  ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Headquartered in the Harry S Truman Building in Washington, D.C., the State Department currently operates 294 U.S. embassies around the world and oversees compliance of more than 200 international treaties. As an agency of the president’s Cabinet, the State Department is led by the Secretary of State, as nominated by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. The Secretary of State is second in the line of presidential succession after the Vice President of the United States. In addition to assisting with the international activities of other U.S. government agencies, the State Department provides many important services to U.S. citizens traveling and living abroad and to foreign citizens trying to visit or immigrate to the United States. In perhaps its most publicly noticeable role the State Department issues U.S. Passports to U.S. citizens allowing them to travel to and return from foreign countries and travel visas to U.S. citizens and non-citizen residents. In addition, the State Department’s Consular Information Program informs the American public of conditions abroad that may affect their safety and security while traveling abroad. Country-specific travel information and global Travel Alerts and Warnings are vital parts of the program. The State Department also oversees all U.S. foreign aid and development programs such as the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. All activities of the State Department, including foreign assistance programs, representing the U.S. abroad, countering international crime and human trafficking, and all other services and programs are paid for through the foreign affairs component of the annual federal budget as requested by the president and approved by Congress. On average, the total State Department expenditure represents just over 1% of the total federal budget, projected to exceed  $4 trillion in 2017.  Ã‚   Brief History of the State Department On July 27, 1789, President George Washington singled a bill passed by the House of Representatives and Senate on July 21, 1789, creating the Department of Foreign Affairs as the first federal agency created under the new Constitution. A law enacted on September 15, 1789, changed the name of the agency to the Department of State and assigned it oversight of a variety of domestic, rather than foreign issues. For example, the law made the Department of State responsible for running the United States Mint and conducting the decennial U.S. census. During the 19th century, these and most of the Department of State’s other domestic duties were turned over to other federal agencies and departments. Appointed by President Washington on September 29, 1789, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, then serving as Minister to France became the first Secretary of State. Appointed before Washington had taken office, John Jay had been serving in as Secretary of Foreign Affairs and continued to function as de-facto Secretary of State until Jefferson returned from France several months later.

An Epidemic of Fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An Epidemic of Fear - Essay Example The impact of their study back then is worth nothing such that even today the immunization rates of measles, mumps and rubella have not been fully recovered. About the outbreak of epidemic emerging a year before Wakefield’s research was proven to be fraudulent, I feel that there was no connection between vaccines and autism in the first place. The research was highly plausible. In his article â€Å" An Epidemic of Fear†, Offit voiced out various risks. He never lobbied the Bush administration in its endeavors to implement a program that was aimed at giving smallpox vaccines to tens of thousands of Americans. He feared that implemented this program will kill people. According to him, the preventive vaccine was a bigger risk than the risk of chicken pox itself. It was the notion of risk in his mind that triggered the anti-vaccine movement. He felt that the parents should be given the option to opt out of such vaccines and be able to see for themselves if the movement would be risky for children or not. The idea was also embedded in CDC’s vaccination schedule- the overall risk to public health after such a move was too big to allow individuals or to give them the liberty to make decisions that will affect their communities. The risk is also one of the main motivating aspects of Offit’s life. He took the risk of giving his teen children the flu-vaccine even before it was recommended for children of their age group. The risk here for him was the harm inflicted on his children if they got sick. He wanted to protect his children at any risk and he also wanted Americans to be completely educated about risk and not automate their thinking mechanism. According to him â€Å" choice not to get a vaccine is not a choice to take no risk, It’s just a choice to take a different risk, and we need to be better about saying, ‘Here’s what that different risk looks like.’  

Habermas Public Sphere-Market Forces or Political Forces and the Essay

Habermas Public Sphere-Market Forces or Political Forces and the Decline of the Public Sphere - Essay Example According to the compilation of Gripsrud, Moe, Molander and Murdock (2010, p. XIV), Habermas’ concept of ‘public sphere’ relates to the social life of humans and how well they adjust in the society. Adjustments in the society, in this case, relates to an arena whereby the members of the society can come in and discuss the problems that affect them in the society. In the words of Habermas (1989, p. 30), it is this freedom of the public to have varying opinions that the political action is shaped so as to fit the ideas of the ‘public’. The ‘public sphere’ is one that explains that persons and groupings in the society have a right to assemble and deliberate issues that impact them in the course of their livelihood. On the other hand, Gripsrud, Moe, Molander and Murdock (2010, p. XIV) indicate that the ‘public sphere’ is an avenue whereby modern day societies come together and share ideas through discussions, thus creating a channel for airing public opinions. In this instance, it is apparent that a collision between the ‘public sphere’ and the authority that governs or rules the ‘public sphere’ exists. The ‘public sphere’ in this context refers to the civil society – the beneficiaries of social labor – whilst the authority refers to the ruling class or the vehicle that drives the need of the ‘public sphere’ (Gripsrud, Moe, Molander and Murdock, 2010, p. XVII). In the words of Habermas (1991, p. 129), the ‘public sphere’ determines the manner in which the ruling class will govern the ‘public sphere’. Through the ‘public sphere’ the laws and regulations of the market are drawn, and debates on how buying and selling will take place. Habermas (1991, p. 175) indicates that the ’public sphere’ has, in one way or another, control of the state. Habermas (1989, p. 51) emphasizes that the ‘public sphere’ is a form of a regulatory mechanism that prevents the ruling class from oppressing the ‘public sphere’. Gripsrud, Moe, Molander and Murdock (2010, p. XIX) are of the opinion that the ‘public sphere’ is a form of democracy that allows for participation in the course of decision making; thus, the public opinion is turned down into a political action. This is a vivid elucidation of the fact that public opinion rules the authority of law making regulations. From another point of view, Fraser (1990, p. 59) argues that the ‘public sphere’ has been credited for its ability to come up with mechanisms that always ensure that the state remains accountable for its actions in the society.

Marketing of Haagen Dazs Essay Example for Free

Marketing of Haagen Dazs Essay ew York City, but soon distribution expanded throughout the east coast of the U. S. , and by 1973 Haagen-Dazs products were enjoyed by discerning customers throughout the United States. n 1976, Mr. Mattus daughter Doris opened the first Haagen-Dazs ® Shop. it was an immediate success, and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Haagen-Dazs ® Shops across the country. in 1983 Mr. Mattus agreed to sell the Haagen-Dazs brand to The Pillsbury Company, which remained committed to the tradition of superior quality and innovation on which Haagen-Dazs ice cream was founded. since then, it has become a global phenomenon, available in 50 countries. the same careful attention to quality that Reuben Mattus built into every Haagen-Dazs product remains today. ce cream lovers the world over now recognize the unique Haagen-Dazs logo as synonymous with the ultimate super-premium ice cream. from the beginning, Haagen-Dazs ice cream has sought to innovate and bring new frozen dessert experiences to its customers, including distinctive flavors such as vanilla swiss almond, butter pecan, and dulce de leche, to name just a few. Haagen-Dazs was also the first to introduce the world to ice cream bars for a grown-up palate, with the introduction of the Haagen-Dazs brand ice cream bar line in 1986. other super-premium innovations followed, with frozen yogurt in 1991 and sorbet in 1993. o this day, the Haagen-Dazs brand remains committed to developing exceptional new super-premium frozen dessert experiences, releasing new flavors every year. Origin of brand name Mattus invented the Danish-sounding Haagen-Dazs as a tribute to Denmarks exemplary treatment of its Jews during the Second World War, and included an outline map of Denmark on early labels. The name, however, is not Danish, which has neither an umlaut nor a digraph zs; nor does it have any meaning in any language or etymology before its creation. Mattus felt that Denmark was known for its dairy products and had a positive image in the U.

Essay on Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Heroes come in many forms. Some immense in size and strength as Hercules, some in the form of people that are shunned, such as Harriet Tubman, and some that are only valorous heroes to some, such as Kurt Cobain. These heroes have many characteristics that make people flock to their side and follow them without a moment of hesitation. In Sophocles' Antigone the hero is a women who believes in her heart far stronger than that of her leader's rule. Sophecles shows many of Antigone’s characteristics that are also seen in many heroes. She is up against an impossible enemy, she does not fit well into society's mold, and is destroyed by her own pride. For these characteristics Antigone is given the title of an epic Heroine. Antigone is one of the lucky townsfolk to be born of a royal house. As Antigone defies Creon's law, she is cast into a pool of danger between what she believes is right and what the state's law decrees is right. As Antigone is charged with the burying of her brother, an action, which the King has declared unlawful, she holds like stone to her undying gratitude for her deceased brother. She believes that this will help lift the curse plagued on the household. The curse in which Antigone’s father tried to hold at bay and failed. Her sister Ismene warned Antigone by exclaiming, "Sister please, please! Remember how our father dies: hated, in disgrace, wrapped in horror of himself, his own hand stabbing out his sight. And how his mother-wife in one, twisted off her earthly days with a cord. And thirdly how our two brothers in a single day each achieved for each a suicidal Nemesis.† This has already given Antigone the mindset that even the Gods are against her will. She is also up against a great foe in fighting that of Creon's edict. Ismene said this: "The rest, if we defy our sovereign's edict and his power. Remind ourselves that we are women, and such not made to fight with men. For might unfortunately is right and makes us bow to things like this and worse.† Antigone sees herself as not only one who can defy the power of the Gods but the power of the state. Thus she would be up against a force greater than her own. Second, another characteristics of a tragic hero is that the person does not always fit into society's mold.

Leaders and Innovation

The staff members that are having knowledge depend a lot on the leaders of the organizations.   It is important that the leader makes an attempt to innovate rather than orders his/her staff members to do so.   The leader should be able to lead his/her staff by example.   He/she should also be able to create an environment existent in the organization that is conducive for innovation. An attitude or relentless growth should be formed.   This would not only permit the organization to achieve its objectives, but also enable the staff members to do so.   Once the staff members are able to achieve their objects, they would be motivated to develop and grow father, and the best instrument to develop and grow would be innovation.   The leader of the team should ensure that there is free-flow of ideas in the team, and the communications links between the members of the team are strong and effective. The leader should also be able to develop a strategy, structures and functions within the organization that would enable innovation.   A corporate culture (which includes norms, assumptions, values and attitudes, shared by the staff that function in the organization) should be created that would help in the innovation development. Many of the leaders in the corporate sector suggest that it is utmost important for the leader to motivate his staff members using various methods, so that innovation is possible.   The leader would have to conduct research to determine the means by which the staff embers would get motivated.   He/she should then use these means to encourage the staff members to innovate further (Kotelnikov, 2007). In several branches of science, controversy follows innovation, and threatens to affect the social structures present in the organization.   Various parties may come up with their own assumptions with a new technology brought out by an organization.   This may be a subject of debate in the field.   This should be considered as an opportunity to provide answers to several difficult questions.   Several others who consider that they are experts in that field would question any new technology brought about by recent research. A strong communication link should be existent between various intellectuals of the field so that unanswered questions are effectively addressed.   This would certainly help to advance the field and provide benefits for mankind.   It is important that in any controversy situation, the roots of the conflict be recognized and addressed properly.   However, if these issues are not understood and addressed (and if not taken in the right spirit), the controversy could worsen, which would have a negative impact on the organization, the particular scientific field and ultimately on the society (Baldwin, 2007). References: Baldwin, D. V. (2007). â€Å"Innovation, Controversy, and Consensus in Traumatology†, Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from Trauma Pages Web site: http://www.trauma-pages.com/s/dvb-96a.php Kotelnikov, V. (2007). â€Å"Corporate Culture Defined,† Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from 1000 Advices Web site: http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/innovation_system_culture.html Kotelnikov, V. (2007). â€Å"Leading With a Growth Attitude,† Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from 1000 Advices Web site: http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/im_leadership.html Kotelnikov, V. (2007). â€Å"Understanding the Innovation System – Unlocking the Black Box,† Retrieved on November 3, 2007, from 1000 Advices Web site: http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/innovation_system.html                        

Newspapers and Books Are Outdated Essay

As we move into the twenty- first century an increasing number of people are relying on new forms of technology. A possible consequence of this is that traditional media such as books and newspapers are not just less popular but are considered by some to be outdated. Personally, I disagree with this point of view. The principal reason why some people take this view is fairly clear in the case of newspapers. It is generally much easier and quicker to discover what is happening in the world from the internet or the television than from a newspaper. If you use Google or another search engine or simply switch on the television, you can instantly get the latest news bulletin. A newspaper, by contrast, is out of date the moment it is published because it contains yesterday’s news. It is perhaps less obvious why books are said to be out of fashion. One possibility is that fewer people choose to read for pleasure nowadays because they prefer the instant gratification and thrills of modern technology. There is less effort involved in enjoying a 3D movie or playing a computer game than in turning the pages of a book. My own view and conclusion is that books and newspapers will never go completely out of fashion or become redundant. The reason for this is that they serve basic human needs. I believe that people will always want to read about the news and escape into the imaginary worlds of great novels. However, books and newspapers may need to change to meet the new demands of twenty-first century consumers. We can already see this happening with the arrival of the audio-book and the various free newspaper internet sites.

Dream Interpretation And Interpretation Therapy Essays - Free Essays

Dream Interpretation And Interpretation Therapy Essays - Free Essays Dream Interpretation And Interpretation Therapy Dream Interpretation and Dream Interpretation Therapy There are many facts that are unknown about dreams and their meanings. For centuries, philosophers and scientists have tried to understand the meaning of dreams. They have all been fascinated by the fact that the content of dreams may have meanings relating to ones life. Are dreams just thoughts in peoples minds, or are dreams in fact representations of different areas in peoples lives? Dreams represent many different areas of ones life in physical, emotional, and mental ways. Dreams can relay to people facts about their lives that they are not even aware of. There are also many ways that dreams can help cure different physical, emotional, and mental problems in ones life. This paper will discuss dreams and their meanings, and ways of interpreting a dream using such methods as hypnotherapy and psychoanalysis therapy that can help a person in physical, mental, and emotional ways. The first fact that will be discussed is what dreams are and how they work for people in allowing the person to discover more about himself. Dreams can be defined as a conscious series of images that occur during sleep (Colliers, vol. 8). Dreams are usually very vivid in color and imagery. They reveal to the dreamer different wishes, concerns, and worries that he or she has. Dreams usually reflect every part of who the dreamer is. The content of the persons dream is usually made up according to how old the dreamer is and how educated the he or she is (Colliers, vol. 8). Dreams are not planned out or thought up. The unconscious part of the mind brings out bits and pieces of information in the dreamers mind and places them together. According to Encarta, dreams are almost always visual. Forty to fifty percent of dreams have some form of communication present in them and a very small percentage of dreams give the dreamer the ability to use his or her five senses (Encarta). Dreams allow one to take a closer look into his mind and himself in a quest for self-discovery. Dreams can be used to solve all different types of problems. In Sigmund Freuds book, The Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud states: As regards the dream, all the troubles of waking life are transferred by it to the sleeping state [] (Freud 113). They relay things about a person that the person may not be able to see. Sigmund Freud says that certain images in dreams sometimes have significant meanings relating to the persons life. Different objects in the dream may serve as a symbol (Kalb 77). Symbols in dreams usually mean something much deeper than simply being an object that just happens to be in the dream. They represent different areas of ones life that deal with ones physical, mental, and emotional being. These symbols will relay information about ones life if these symbols are interpreted. Dreams are a private language, known only to ourselves (Cartwright 5). Dreams have the ability to relieve all people of their everyday problems in life. They have a way of setting one free from reality, which includes all of ones problems. Dreams help one to overcome these stresses and help people to get on with their lives. Sigmund Freud states, The waking life never repeats itself with its trials and joys, its pleasures and pains, but, on the contrary, the dream aims to relieve us of these (qtd. in Burdach 474). This statement means that though a certain experience in a persons life can never happen again, dreams allow the person to relive those memories, and they can also allow the person to overcome the stresses of other memories that bother him or her. Memories that continue to stay in peoples minds from their childhood are very often included somehow in the dream. No memory that a person has once experienced will ever be lost because it is stored within the persons mind and kept there. A persons conscious mind is the mind that he uses when he is awake and aware of what he is doing. The conscious mind has the ability to make distinctions between reality and the fantasy world. A person is able to

Texas Tech Acceptance Rate: What Does it Take to Get In?

A large research university located in Lubbock, Texas, Texas Tech University offers 150 undergraduate courses of study across 13 schools. Just what does it take to get in? Here’s what you should know. In order to apply to Texas Tech, you’ll need to submit your: *SAT and ACT are superscored . Texas Tech does not require the writing supplement for either test. Students who meet the following criteria are guaranteed admission into Texas Tech: If you do not meet the assured admissions requirements, Texas Tech â€Å"strongly suggests† responding to Essay Prompts A and/or B listed in the essay prompts and submitting three recommendations. Although these application components are not required, you should submit them unless you meet the criteria for assured admission. Texas Tech University recommends that applicants complete the Foundation Curriculum with the Distinguished level of achievement as outlined by the Texas Education Agency . Students who receive automatic admission on the basis of being in the top 10% of their graduating high school class must present a Distinguished diploma. The recommended high-school curriculum is as follows: Language Arts (4 Credits) English I, II & III Advanced English Course Options include English IV, Creative Writing, Humanities, & Advanced Journalism Mathematics (4 Credits) Algebra I Geometry Algebra II Advanced Math Course Options include Precalculus, AQR, AP Statistics & Engineering Mathematics Science (4 Credits) Biology IPC or Advanced Science Two advanced Science Courses Options include Chemistry, Physics, Forensic Science, & Astronomy Social Studies (3 Credits) U.S. History U.S. Government (.5 credit) Economics (.5 credit) World Geography or World History Foreign Language (2 Credits) Both credits must be the same language Note: Some programs have additional foreign language requirements Physical Education (1 Credit) Fine Arts (1 Credit) Electives (6 Credits) With an acceptance rate of 69.2%, Texas Tech is somewhat selective. The average GPA for admitted students in 2.85. The middle 50% of SAT and ACT scores for the freshman class are 1158-1240 and 22-27, respectively. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Texas Tech notes that it evaluates applicants based on their: While the overall admissions rate signifies that admissions are not as competitive at this university compared with some of its peers, you should keep in mind that some programs, such as the Honors College, are more rigorous and have lower acceptance rates than others. You should also bear in mind that not only can your test scores and GPA guarantee you admission into Texas Tech, but they can also qualify you for scholarships that significantly reduce your college costs. â€Å"Most students have an identity, an interest, or a talent that defines them in an essential way. Tell us about yourself.† This makes it clear that Texas Tech looks for curious, passionate students. In your essay and other areas of your application, you should demonstrate a talent that sets you apart and displays your innovation and creativity. Perhaps you’re a creative writer and will demonstrate that through both writing-related extracurricular activities and a dynamite essay. Or maybe you’re a star oboe player. Whatever your hook is, make sure it’s obvious on your application. â€Å"What was the environment in which you were raised? Describe your family, home, neighborhood, or community, and explain how it has shaped you as a person.† While many colleges seek out a diverse student body, Texas Tech goes a step further by asking you to consider how your roots have shaped your identity. This should be a cohesive theme throughout your application: how your community—in whatever way you define it—has contributed to your identity as a person. You might, for example, describe your unique upbringing, being very close to members of your extended family, or participating in your religious or cultural community. Keep the assured admissions criteria in mind. If you meet the assured admissions criteria, Texas Tech can be a secure safety school for you. Otherwise, you will need to put extra effort into the other aspects of your application, such as your essays. Texas Tech provides tips to follow , and you should read ours as well. You should also send teacher recommendations and ensure that your extracurricular profile is strong to make up for weaker grades and test scores. Being denied admission to any college, particularly one of your top choices, is disappointing. Still, it’s important to take a step back and regroup. If you get rejected from Texas Tech, here’s what you can do: Take a gap year or transfer in. If you had your heart set on Texas Tech or received bad news from the other colleges on your list, one option is to take a gap year and reapply next admissions cycle. If you do decide to go this route, make sure you have a productive plan for the year. You might undertake a research project, volunteer, study to improve your SAT scores, or take classes at another college. You can also matriculate at another college and transfer to Texas Tech. As with first-year admissions, the university has assured transfer admission criteria (applicable to your college GPA and credits): Transferable Hours GPA Requirements 12-23 hours 2.50 cumulative   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   24 or more hours 2.25 cumulative Individual schools and majors within the university have additional assured transfer admissions criteria: Architecture: 3.0 GPA Biology, Cell & Molecular Biology, Microbiology: 2.5 GPA Business: 15 hours + 2.75 GPA Community, Family & Addiction Sciences: 2.5 GPA Engineering: 24 hours + 3.0 GPA Honors College: 3.5 GPA Human Development & Family Studies: 2.5 GPA Interior Design: 2.7 GPA Kinesiology/Sport Management: 2.5 GPA Note that if you don’t meet these requirements, Texas Tech will evaluate you based on other criteria. Keep it in perspective. Even if TTU was your top choice, chances are, you’ll find a way to make a college that did accept you work. College really is what you make of it, and if you put effort into adjusting to another school by joining clubs, working hard in your classes, and cultivating a social life, you’ll likely find that you can make a fulfilling college experience for yourself, even if you end up at a college that wasn’t your top choice. When you sign up for our program, we carefully pair you with the perfect admissions specialist based on your current academic and extracurricular profile and the schools in which you’re interested. Your personal application specialist will help you with branding, essays, and interviews, and provide you with support and guidance in all other aspects of the application process.

Marketing Proposal - LA Fitness Gym Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Proposal - LA Fitness Gym - Essay Example This is the reason why we have proposed a business idea of introducing a chain of restaurants in LA fitness gyms across the United Kingdom. The name which has been proposed for the restaurant is LA Cuisine, and the restaurant would provide healthy food that contains would supplement required for a healthy diet. Moreover, a variety of meals would be available on the menu to suit all type of workouts and individuals. The four main offerings which will be made are mentioned below. 1. Protein booster - ideal for bodybuilders 2. Slim fast meal –ideal for people who want to lose weight 3. High crab meal - ideal for people who do endurance training 4. Low meals - ideal for people who want to acquire a lean body and muscle definition Moreover, advice will also be provided to the customers in order to counsel them with regards to the best meal that would suit their workout. This would enable them to attain the workout results quickly and breakfast, lunch and dinner will be served. SWOT Analysis With regards to the business, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that have been identified are mentioned below. Strengths Locations of LA Fitness Gym There are eighty gyms all over the UK and has multiple health club locations.  Therefore, they will not hesitate in availing services offered by LA Cuisine. Market Research LA fitness gyms already know their customers well and since LA Cuisine is offering food for the people who have joined the gym, they will not have to spend huge amounts of money in conducting market research with regards to the customers (Meyerson & Scarborough 2007, pp. 55). Lower Advertising Costs Since customers are already aware of the LA fitness gym, LA Cuisine will not have to spend heavy amounts on advertising. Weakness Association with LA Fitness Gym Since LA Cuisine would be associated with LA fitness gym, anything bad that happens will also have a negative impact on the goodwill and the reputation of LA Cuisine. Opportunities Increase Locations LA Cuisine can open a restaurant in locations other than those at LA fitness gyms as well. In this way, they can expand their pool of customers and increase market share (Dunbar & McDonald 2004, pp. 200). Threats Competition The United Kingdom covers quite a large area and so the population is also large. Therefore, there are many people who go to gyms for fitness purposes because of which there are lots of gyms in the UK that gives the people a variety of choice due to which the competition for LA Cuisine is intense. Credit Crunch Lack of availability of funds or loans results in credit crunch due to which LA Cuisine can get adversely affected.  

Risk Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Risk Management - Coursework Example Change in management structure Preliminary Risk Analysis Given the fact that there are different priorities for the said project, there is the tendency that there will be major changes in the organizational management to suit some priorities as against others. The preliminary risk analysis would be used as qualitative analysis to identify the undesired event of organizational change and then suggest possible improvements and other suitable preventive mechanisms (Keong, 2002). Unavailability of hardware Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP) The construction of spacecraft is an engineering project that demands a very high quantum of hardware input. There could however be possible unavailability and shortages. Once this happens, it would constitute an operational hazard (Perry, 2008). To this end, a hazard and operability studies would be useful in the â€Å"application of a formal systematic critical examination of the process and engineering intentions of new or existing facilities to assess the hazard† (Keong, 2002). ... This not withstanding, HAZOP can be used as a qualitative analysis to identify suitable replacements in systems that would not bring about the system requirement changes. Delays in specifications Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA/FMECA) The project would bring about the need to deal with essential interfaces that would have to be specified on regular time margins. However, there is the risk that these specifications may delay and not arrive on schedule. Such delays may cause failures in implementation, and this is why the failure mode and effects analysis would be necessary in identifying the mode of failure and the threat it would pose to the entire project. Underestimation of project size Fault tree analysis At the preparation stage of project management, extensive time is spent on budgeting and estimation of the project size. There is however the risk that external factors, such as inflation and shortage of hardware could bring about an underestimated project size. The fault tree analysis when used in this analysis would help in building a chronology of all possible causes of the risk so that with the line of cause well known, preventive mechanisms can be schemed towards the risk (Heldman, 2005, p. 132). Underperformance of CASE tool Failure Mode and Effects Analysis(FMEA/FMECA) The nature of the current spacecraft construction demands the preparation of a CASE tool. However, there is the risk that the CASE tool may not performance as much as it should perform. Once this happens, it would be considered a failure and thus a failure mode and effects analysis would be necessary in quantifying the mode of failure and predicting possible scope of effect of the failure on the product. Technological changes Fault tree analysis Technology is one of the

Media Project Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Project - Movie Review Example Primal kinds of feeling are direct to commercial purposes. Therefore, it’s very hard to find a society without the contemporary discourse in presenting the truth or lies. From the second question, it’s true that Mayors signifies images as the basis of thinking. In a way, images displace the palpable physical reality. Miller brings out the concept called double think. This implies to how media images are approached by the people. He means that people on one hand knows what they see which falsity or propaganda is of images advertising and is not true. One sees through the image and thinks that it does not affect them particularly but yet with another part of their mind, they buy into it blindly. In the third question, the status of the ideal in the contemporary society is finding solutions on how to move from its current state through their way of thinking. In the ideal society, the culture has been consumed by the propaganda in the western society. Lots of repeated images with the illiterate society has slowly integrated into the day to day lives of people and become part of their culture. This has affected the level of culture of people through the onslaught embedded in images. In the fourth question, myth in the postmodern society has grown its roots that involves with advanced market economies in entering into a new era. Through the images in the advertising economies, postmodernism have dominated especially in the western culture. Postmodernism has been felt throughout the world by the influence of economic cultural and political in western countries. Through the primal feeling, images have created the reality hence facilitating postmodernism, and this hinders the societies’ intellectual thinking. In question five, the postmodern society is democratic as the consumer can choose over a variety of goods but no specific people representing the citizens choosing for the

Three Behavioral Theories Of Leadership Management Essay

Three Behavioral Theories Of Leadership Management Essay Leadership theories explore how leaders can influence humankind or employees to fulfil mission and vision of organizations. Traditionally, transactional leadership has prevailed throughout the industrial revolution with pay for work process. Although as time passes, leadership theories developed mirror those of quasi-transactional theories of Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, and Kaizen. These theories based on outcomes of production with the spirit of collaboration from employees to increase awareness of each task to promote or negate benefits to the company. Ruggieri (2009) related the leadership style displayed by the leader to the organizations performance and success. Leaders of an organization must anticipate and adapt to change by using the leadership style that fits the current situation. For an organization to grow and be successful in a changing environment, leaders must articulate vision, goals, and objectives and make sound business decisions that will lead the organization to success. In leading organizations to success, Kanter (2000) stated, effective leaders cultivate an environment where openness is encouraged and where collaboration is valued (p. 32). Partnerships both inside and outside the organization enhance the organizations knowledge and reach into the market, and provide greater expertise and experience than if a more closed position perspective were maintained (Kanter, 2000). Effective leaders also draw on the components of different leadership styles behaviors that will provide the best approach or decision based on the situation and environment at hand (Spears, 2004). The succeeding sections discuss three behavioral theories of leadership, which include transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and servant leadership. Transformational Leadership Theory Transformational leadership theory is based on the ability of the leader to provide an atmosphere, which engages their employees and hinged on the concept of spirit, via connectedness. Transformational leadership is the ability to motivate and to encourage intellectual stimulation through inspiration (Avolio, Zhu, Koh, Bhatia, 2004; Dvir, Eden, Avolio, Shamir, 2002). McColl-Kennedy and Anderson (2005) further defined transformational leadership style as guidance through individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and idealized influence (p. 116). Transformational leadership brings with it a degree of charisma and motivation (Avolio Yammarino, 2002). Transformational leaders can influence and inspire others to succeed and grow. Transformational leaders model the behavior they expect of their employees through transparent information sharing, enthusiasm, and optimism. The leader creative in creating solutions and encourages the employee to do the same. Transformational leaders are risk-takers and encourage others to take risks, too. These leaders encourage growth through advanced education, certifications, and interactions. Bass and Steidlmeier (1999) noted transformational leaders level of involvement had the ability to enhance creativity, innovation, and performance from their teams. Transformational leaders must have the fortitude and adaptability to respond to and learn from both internal and external stimuli of changes within the organizations. Such leaders must proactively mitigate any negative impact on the project, as well ensuring the overall satisfaction of the team members as factors in the projects successful completion and team performance (Ronning, 2004; Sanders et al., 2003). Bass (2000) had widely defended the potential of the transformational leadership to improve the post-modern organizational landscape. According to Bass, transformational leaders raise the awareness of their constituencies about what are essential increase concerns for achievement, self-actualization, and ideals. They inspire followers to go beyond their own self-interests for the good of the group, organization, or community. For Bass, true transformational leadership can be identified by its adherence to the highest levels of moral and ethical standards. Bass (1997) says that leaders are authentically transformational when they raise awareness of what is right, valued, and important; when they help satisfy increase followers needs for success, change; and when they reposition followers to go outside their self-interests for the good of their group or organization. True transformational leadership asks for sacrifice on the part of the follower, but it does not necessarily require that an individuals interests to be swept aside for the good of the organization. The transformational leader strives to achieve a true consensus in aligning personal and organization interests (Bass, 1998, p. 176). Transformational leaders act like moral agents and engage in joint understanding of employees, with the ultimate goal of converting these employees to become leaders themselves (Inkson Moss, 1993). Transformational leaders are most of the time interested in producing quality and quantity results from those they lead, but also attempt to provide an environment in which the individuals own career and personal goals are realized through the organization. In this way, efficiency can be increased, and the entire organization can benefit on the improvement of individuals (Seltzer Bass, 1990). It is the transformational leadership style that offers managers the greatest ability to deal with this rapidly changing workplace (Bass, 2000), especially in a global economy where change is inevitable. Wallace (1993) concluded that complex organizational and environmental factors require the flexibility that transformational leadership style offers because it enables managers to include workers on decisions, and can empower workers to have an increasing level of control over their work performance. Organizations led by transformational leaders usually perform at a believed greater level, with a higher level of employee moral (Bass, 1990). Bryant (2003) claimed that transformational leadership results to motivation and commitment for followers in order to have above average organizational performance. Robbins and Judge (2009) further concluded that transformational leadership is correlated with lower employee turnover, higher productivity, lower stress, and higher employee satisfaction. Transformational leaders are able to enhance their leadership style based on the situation, and transform that style into their subordinates to become innovative and creative in their decision-making process (Chung Chia-Hung, 2009). Transformational leadership is based on the leader-member relationship that fosters a greater degree of trust and mutual understanding expected between the members in maintaining that relationship. Members in a transformational leadership framework cooperate more often with their leaders and gain their leaders full support, confidence, encouragement, and patience, and this in return forms a lasting relation ship bond between the leaders and the employees (Chung Chia-Hung, 2009). Boga and Ensari (2009) stated, traditionally, the magnitude of the organizational leaders influence on the workforce has been tied to his or her leadership style (p. 237). Transformational leaders seeks to influence the interests of their followers in the workplace, accept change as being a part of life, and motivate their followers to pursue the purpose and mission of the organization above their own egocentricities (Boga Ensari, 2009). The transformational leader/follower relationship is viewed as one of shared interests and is comprised of four distinct characteristics (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration) that are closely related to the approach leaders use (Boga Ensari). Finally, transformational leadership occurs when a leader inspires followers to share a vision and enables those who follow to formulate their own vision for themselves and the organization to achieve a higher level of performance. Transformational leaders allow those they lead a greater degree of self-direction in the decision-making process that allows the leader to be more successful leading the organization to success. Transformational leadership is somewhat similar to servant leadership, but most researchers agree that the transformational leadership style makes better leaders in organizations (Bass, 1990). Transformational leadership, as noted by Bass and Avolio (1993) has four defining principles that included idealized influence, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation. Idealized influence means the transformational leader works with followers to encourage independence, awareness, and maturation as a means to an end, where followers participate in the mission and vision of the organization. Inspirational motivation means the transformational leader is able to inspire followers with the intent to share in the goals of the organization. Intellectual stimulation means the transformational leader acknowledges his or her followers as talented and encourages input while re-evaluating assumptions for beliefs and values. The leader ignites creativity in followers, which may result in productivity for the organization. Individualized consideration means respecting the uniqueness of each person, while working with him or her to facilitate the maximi zation of potential. Leaders recognize the role and importance of involving followers in the establishment of a healthy organizational culture and climate. These four factors enable leaders to create an environment wherein team members clearly understood the tasks of the project, both holistically as a team and individually. The four factors of transformational leadership enable the leader to create a level of respect felt by members of the entire project. Team members had a proactive level of interest, concern, and inspirational motivation to become actively engaged in multiple levels of effective communication, thereby identifying the impact of each members role in project completion (Bass Avolio, 1993). An effective platform created by transformational leaders induces team cohesiveness on numerous aspects (Ruggieri, 2009). Research has provided evidence that transformational leadership in both traditional face-to-face teams and virtual teams has the components to produce multiple levels of group cohesiveness. Members became empowered to make greater contributions to the team, thus constructing an effective team environment of problem solving and innovative solutions (Jung Sosik, 2002; Ruggieri, 2009). Yardley et al. (2007) also noted transformational leaders encompass the aspect of preparing members of the team to become transformational by increasing their level of participation and satisfaction resulting in increased team performance in creative implementation creative and effective change. The transformational leadership framework has a tendency of creating domino effects in producing and creating potential leaders within multiple levels of an organization (Masood et al., 2006; Yardley et al., 2007). This form of communication and development within traditional collocated teams and virtual teams was indicative to producing effective leadership participation that enhances team performance. Transactional Leadership Transformational leadership gained prominence as the leadership style of the 21st Century. The concept of transformational leadership began to emerge in the late 1980s, particularly in research writings about education. According to Bass (1990), transformational leadership is inspirational leadership style that influences followers to achieve extraordinary performance in a context of large-scale innovation and change. There are times when the concept signified a suitable type of leadership for organizations taking up the challenges of reformatting and reorganizing. Today, this concept is applied in most developed countries worldwide (Leithwood, 1992). Transactional leadership theory often presents a more traditional view of team leaders compelling team members to improve their performance on a reward and reprimand based system (Yardley Nealy, 2007). Transactional leaderships main characteristic is separateness; there is a line between the leader and the follower, with the potential to leave individuals feeling abandoned and in moral poverty (Avolio, Walumbwa, Weber, 2009; Hauser, 2007). A transactional leader uses rewards as a way of managing subordinates behaviors and employs management by exception (Bass, 1985). The transactional leadership theory includes three dimensions. These dimensions include contingent reward, management by exceptionactive and passive leadership (Bass Avolio, 2000). Contingent-reward is the degree to which the leader sets up helpful transactions or exchanges with followers: The leader clarifies expectations and establishes the rewards for meeting these expectations (Judge Piccolo, 2004, p. 755). Management-by-exception is the degree to which managers intervene when issues, problems, or mistakes occur. An active management-by-exception involves leaders who monitor the performance of their subordinates throughout the course of the task or activity. This allows the leader to track whether mistakes happen in line with the completion of the task or activity. A passive management-by-exception on the other hand considers leaders who are unaware of mistakes within their team until his/her subordinates report the issues or the problems that happened. In transactional leaders hip, the leaders appeal to their subordinates self-interest through rewards in order to achieve the teams objectives. In the team setting, leaders who are solely transactional leaders created an environment built upon positive and negative reinforcement (Ruggieri, 2009). The reinforcement came in the form of compliments and awards in money and gifts when milestones reached completion during the life of the project. Transactional leaders used negative reinforcement when team members miss milestones or fail to complete project deadlines, generally in the forms of chastisement, censorship, and in some cases, release from the organization (Ruggieri, 2009). Sanders et al. (2003) indicated most leaders utilizing this leadership style exhibited less confidence in their ability to lead or make an impact within the organization. It is important to express that nearly all leaders in a virtual or in a traditional team environment have utilized the transactional leadership theory as part of decision-making (Ulmer, 2005). The transactional leadership theory is framed around an award-based system, which motivates followers to contribute to the success of the team. Servant Leadership Servant leadership theory suggests that the leader places the good of those led over the self-interest of the leader and promotes the idea of valuing and developing by sharing their power and prestige with those they lead (Greenleaf, 1977). Greenleaf (1970, 1977) introduced theoretical concepts to the body of leadership literature on servant leadership. Greenleaf, who is the founder of the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership, created the idea of servant leadership after reading Nobel Laureate Herman Hesses (1956) Journey to the East, a story about a spiritual pilgrimage of a band of men on a fairy-tale journey. The term servant leadership may not be familiar to a large number of individuals or corporations, but many organizations have adopted and embraced this concept within their leadership structure. Servant leadership is radically changing how leaders lead and treat subordinates under ones area of responsibility in the organization that creates a caring and understanding atmosphere within the organization (Chung Chia-Hung, 2009). Greenleaf (1970) stated, Caring for other persons is the foundation upon which a decent society is built (p. 54). Transformational leadership and servant leadership have several similar characteristics, but are not quite the same in their approach to leading subordinates. Servant leadership is based on the notion of egalitarianism and assumes that the leader is no better than those led, but considered equal in value (Greenleaf, 1977). Bass (2000), as well as Farling, Stone, and Winston (1999), see parallels between transformational leadership and servant leadership. However, while the theory of transformational leadership says that leaders need such traits as vision, credibility, trust, etc., the theory of servant leadership argues that leaders must place the needs of their followers ahead of their own. Serving and leading at the same time has found to be a constant characteristic of servant leaders. Among the other characteristics that servant leaders have been said to need are: listening, empathy, awareness, healing, persuasion, ability to conceptualize, foresight, stewardship, commitment to growth, and commitment to building community (Spears, 2004). The main feature of this  leadership style is  the servant leader provides resources and support without expecting followers to admit that leading by example is important to them. Instead, this type of leader assumes a servant first position (Smith, Montagno, Kuzmenko, 2004), and expects others to work for the collective good of the company, rather than for the leader as representative of the company. Servant leaders, according to Greenleaf (as cited in Spears, 2005), are not initially motivated to pursue leadership. However, they accept this role in response to the urgings of others, and in response to a perceived need for their expertise and service in such a situation. The servant leader is expected to be knowledgeable regarding his or her role in promoting the organization or groups goals and to ensure that his or her followers are collectively advancing the objectives of the organization or group (Spears, 2005). Servant leadership has taken on a greater importance in recent years not only in corporate and religious organizations, but also in educational institutions (Cozby, 2001). Servant leaders in schools and universities should have a genuine desire to help others, and a shared vision of taking on the role of servant to its student body. Herman and Marlowe (2005) asserted that leaders should be a servant first in order to transition from a classroom environment to a community of caring. Greenleaf (1977) concluded that if someone wants to have true meaning in life, they must first seek out ways to be a servant to others. Servant leadership is viewed as a significant contributor to leadership effectiveness in organizations and institutions. Practitioners have given due attention to servant leadership in recent years because the workplace and business world is more transparent, competitive, global, inclusive and demographically diverse (Bryant, 2003). The concept of servant leadership shares similarities with the concept of transformational leadership, which produces a pre-determined outcome when the leader empowers followers to achieve organizational goals based on their own innovation and creativity. According to Sendjaya and Sarros (2002), a reason for the shortage of research in servant leadership is that the notion of servant as leader may be perceived as a weak leader (p. 41). Servant leaders emphasize developing their followers personal potential and enabling their personal growth and self-interests. Leadership is about relationships, and the principles of servant leadership are the inherent characteristics for the leader to lead by the heart with a greater degree of humility and honesty. Servant-led organizations should be built on a leadership style where  ideas are welcomed and relationships are nurtured. Servant leaders take a different approach from that of traditional leaders who seek to harness and maintain their power base. When a servant leadership culture  has been established at an organization, servant leaders lead by example, and are expected to help those around them achieve their personal and professional goals. Servant leadership does come with some reservations because some employees will try to take advantage of leaders who demonstrate this leadership style and reduce the leaders ability to lead (Spears, 2004), in this instance, servant-leaders are able to overcome this by instilling in workers a sense of the importance of teamwork and shared responsibilities. Peer pressure is remarkably effective in encouraging employees to do the right thing and preventing them from challenging leadership for selfish and personal reasons. Servant leaders have a better chance of preventing such conflicts because they have earned the trust and respect of the followers in the organization (Bass, 1990). Another dilemma in practicing servant leadership is the desire to practice individualism and competiveness that nurtures selfish or ego driven pride in the workplace or institution (Bass 1997, 2002). Organizations with a culture that promotes an authoritarian hierarchy will greatly hinder servant leadership and could be a major cause of organizational decline and failure (Boga Ensari, 2009). Most researchers agree that authoritarian hierarchy and egotism are the evil twins that can inhibit the implementation of servant leadership, and may be two of the reasons why many institutions and organizations exhibit a high level of unethical behavior (Bass, 2000). Servant leadership has not been a leadership trait of recent indoctrinated leadership style just in the case of the U.S. Army as a preferred or recommended leadership style. Bryant (2003) concluded that servant leadership is more concerned with the emotional well being of followers than transformational leadership is. Transformational leaders, on the other hand, do seek to inspire followers not only an intellectual level, but also on an emotional one. That is, they try to maintain a positive attitude regarding the work being performed. Comparison between the Behavioral Theories of Leadership Two of the most popular leadership styles currently discussed by researchers are transformational and transactional leadership styles (Boga Ensari, 2009). Over the last decade, considerable research effort has been invested into understanding the processes through which transformational leadership relates to followers attitudes, behavior, and performance beyond their own self-interest for the good of the group (Bass, 2000). However, apart from these two leadership styles, servant leadership style has also been emerging in fields such as military organizations. Servant leadership theory suggests that the leader places the good of those led over the self-interest of the leader and promotes the idea of valuing and developing by sharing their power and prestige with those they lead (Greenleaf, 1977). A theoretical analysis of transformational and servant leadership theories suggests rival consequences for organizational success on the best leadership style. Transformational leadership is defined as having four separate elements: charismatic leadership/idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration (Bass, 1996). Servant leadership has six different components: valuing people, developing people, building community, displaying authenticity, providing leadership, sharing leadership (Greenleaf 1970; 1977). Transformational leadership and servant leadership in organizational settings has experienced a significant progression in terms of both theory development and empirical research studies (Boga Ensari, 2009). Based on this research, transformational leaders are one of the most important factors in motivating others to meet organizational goals. Researchers agree that leaders must encourage, reward, motivate, and discipline, mostly through their leadership style, and encourage the development of team relationships inside and outside the group (Ruggieri, 2009). Transformational leaders motivate followers to work for inspiring goals that go beyond their immediate self-interests. Thus, more and more companies are moving way from transactional to transformational leadership styles. Yuki (2006) believed that the study of leadership embodies a vast amount of research dominant in military institutions, businesses, and government organizations. While a significant body of literature has been produced concerning military leadership, Campbell and Dardis (2004) and Harris (2002) believed there is little or very limited research exploring the correlation of job satisfaction related to servant leadership attributes in military recruiting organizations. Some scholars agree that transformational leadership and servant leadership are considered the most prominent leadership styles in military and leading business organizations (Seltzer Bass, 1990). Transformational and servant leaders inspire followers to transcend their own needs for the good of the organization that will lead the organization to greater success. Transformational and servant leadership both encourage their followers to be more innovative and creative which creates an environment that breeds success within the organization. Followers are inspired by the leaders personality, which focuses on the collective goals of the company and both types of leadership are focused on the relationship the leader has with their followers. However, Bass (1996) suggests that employees job performance is also positively related to their like or dislike of their supervisor than to their organization. The leadership style displayed in the organization will have a direct affect on the failure or success of the organization, because of the level of commitment the employees binds to the leader of the organization. The way the leaders leadership style is perceived by the followers could influence the leaders power and ability to lead the organization to success. Much of the literature written on leadership style challenges encompasses the difficulties that lie within team collaboration and the empowerment of the individual. Recognizing and identifying the importance of individuality, while maintaining the team approach is a theme echoed throughout much of the written works. Similarly, comprehending the process by which personality traits merge and produce, the studied literature indicates the need for leadership to identify adequately and accurately. Such an example imbedded in Bono and Judge (2004) where they indicate that personality traits are three dimensional in nature. The identification process of personality traits in combination with leadership styles can become a challenge. Bono and Judge write: Personality traits were related to three dimensions of transformational leadershipidealized influenceinspirational motivation (charisma), intellectual stimulation, and individualized considerationand three dimensions of transactional leadershipcontingent reward, management by exceptionactive and passive leadership. Extraversion was the strongest and most consistent correlate of transformational leadership. Although results provided some support for the dispositional basis of transformational leadershipespecially with respect to the charisma dimensiongenerally, weak associations suggested the importance of future research to focus on both narrower personality traits and non-dispositional determinants of transformational and transactional leadership (Bono Judge, 2004, p. XX). Another challenge with leadership styles is explored by Brown and Keeping (2005) , where they concluded that ratings of leadership are highly influenced by the interpersonal affect raters feel towards the target being rated (p. 245). Varma, DeNisi, and Peters (1996) evaluated performance reviews and correlation to how well the person being evaluated likability by the person doing the evaluation. Job approval ratings for the president of the United States correlates to this highly influenced by the interpersonal affect raters feel towards the target being rated in business (Kaiser, Hogan, Craig, 2008). Driskell and Salas (2005) researched the affective response to a leader when there was depressing content and demeanor within an employees performance review. Synthesis Leadership is probably the most studied facet of human behavior (Geoghegan Dulewicz, 2008). Although leadership per se is not often mentioned (as opposed to managerial skills, which are almost universally accepted as important to running a successful organization), the numerous references to vision, communication, building relationships with diverse constituents, motivating members, ability to lead well in a wide range of circumstances reflect the characteristics of agile leadership (Caffey, 2007). Fiedlers (1996) research suggested that leadership styles such as transformational, transactional, and servant leadership styles are effective in all situations; but successful organizations have a combination of leadership styles and managers at each level. Leadership style has been shown to be a significant factor in the effectiveness of the organization, and different leadership styles are more effective than others in different situations. According to Smith, Montagno, and Kuzmenko (2004), both transformational and servant leadership styles function based on charismatic leadership while transactional leadership style is performance-oriented. The leader inspires and directs followers by means of a shared vision and values. To be successful, both the transformational leader and the servant leader need a considerable amount of charisma-the ability to inspire greatness in them and in those they manage or lead (Bass 2000). Likewise, while not all followers are motivated through reward s, transactional leadership provides a target for followers to perform well. Transactional leadership style differs from transformational leadership for various reasons. For the former, the focus is on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers. The transactional leader concentrate on maintaining the status quo by satisfying the followers current material needs (Bass, 1990). Transactional leadership is based on the assumption that, by explaining what the leader wants and rewarding appropriate behaviors, the leader directs followers to achieve a desired level of performance. The transformational leaders primary objective is to bring followers up to a position where they can accomplish tasks without immediate supervision (Seltzer Bass, 1990; Shuster, 1994). Einstein (1994) suggested that a transformational leader uses three steps to bring about transformation in leader follower relations. The steps are: (a) diagnosing the leadership situation, (b) transacting the relationship between leader and follower, and (c) transforming follower into an effective employee. These leaders listen to their followers and share their individual concerns as they help to build their confidence. The best leadership is said to be both transformational and transactional. Transformational leadership augments the effectiveness of transactional leadership; it does not replace transactional leadership (Bass, Walsman, Yammarino, 1990). The opportunities this combined style fails to address would be those who fall between both leadership styles. This is why it makes sense as an effective leader to understand the various leadership styles and be able to employ them as needed as one tends toward the transformational leadership style.  Ã‚  Ã‚